· 操作系统崩溃
· 电源故障
· 文件系统崩溃
· 硬件问题(硬盘、母板等等)
该命令不包括mysqldump和mysql程序的--user和—password等选项。应包括必要的选项让MySQL服务器允许你连接它。
我们假定数据保存在MySQL的InnoDB存储引擎中，支持事务和自动崩溃恢复。我们假定崩溃时MySQL服务器带负载。如果不带负载，则不需要恢复。
出现操作系统崩溃或电源故障时，我们可以假定重启后硬盘上的MySQLś数据仍可用。由于崩溃，InnoDB数据文件中的数据可能不再保持一致性，但InnoDB读取它的日志并会查到挂起的提交的和未提交的事务清单，它们没有清空到数据文件中。InnoDB自动卷回未提交的事务，并清空到它的数据文件中。通过MySQL错误日志将该恢复过程相关信息传达给用户。下面的例子为日志摘录：
InnoDB: Database was not shut down normally. InnoDB: Starting recovery from log files... InnoDB: Starting log scan based on checkpoint at InnoDB: log sequence number 0 13674004 InnoDB: Doing recovery: scanned up to log sequence number 0 13739520 InnoDB: Doing recovery: scanned up to log sequence number 0 13805056 InnoDB: Doing recovery: scanned up to log sequence number 0 13870592 InnoDB: Doing recovery: scanned up to log sequence number 0 13936128 ... InnoDB: Doing recovery: scanned up to log sequence number 0 20555264 InnoDB: Doing recovery: scanned up to log sequence number 0 20620800 InnoDB: Doing recovery: scanned up to log sequence number 0 20664692 InnoDB: 1 uncommitted transaction(s) which must be rolled back InnoDB: Starting rollback of uncommitted transactions InnoDB: Rolling back trx no 16745 InnoDB: Rolling back of trx no 16745 completed InnoDB: Rollback of uncommitted transactions completed InnoDB: Starting an apply batch of log records to the database... InnoDB: Apply batch completed InnoDB: Started mysqld: ready for connections
如果文件系统崩溃或出现硬件问题，我们可以假定重启后硬盘上的MySQLś数据不可用。这说明MySQL未能成功启动，因为一些硬盘数据块不再可读。在这种情况下，需要重新格式化硬盘，安装一个新的，或纠正问题。然后需要从备份中恢复MySQL数据，这说明我们必须先做好备份。要想确保，应及时返回并设计备份策略。